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Types of Welding Rods

When it comes to welding, having so much choice can be overwhelming. Knowing which auto-darkening helmet to buy, which gear will be the most protective, or even which metal to use are all decisions which you’ll have to make. Beginners only really need to consider a few basic factors, but once you’ve gotten up and running and gained more experience, you’ll need to understand the more in-depth elements of your equipment.
Being able to differentiate between the types of welding rods – and being aware of their strengths, weaknesses, and best uses – is just one of those features which have a huge impact on the strength and quality of your welds. In order to help you get to grips with this complex subject, we’ve put together the ultimate guide covering all welding rod types.
What is the welding rod?
The Welding Rods is the piece of wire connected to the welding machine. A current is fed through this wire, which helps to join two pieces of metal together firmly.
In certain cases – namely SMAW and stick welders – the wires actually melt, becoming part of the weld itself. These welding rods are referred to as consumable electrodes. For TIG welding, the welding rods do not melt, so are called non-consumable electrodes. Within both of these groups, there are many different variations and types, which will be covered in more detail later.
Welding rods are usually coated, although the materials that make up this coating can vary widely. Bare electrodes (those made without any additional coatings) are also available, although they’re much less common. These are used for certain specific jobs, such as welding manganese steel.
It is important to choose the right type of welding rod for your job in order to create clean, strong welds with excellent bead quality.
Consumable electrodes:
As mentioned previously, stick welders usually use consumable welding rods, which will be referred to as stick electrodes here. These include light coated electrodes, as well as the shielded arc or heavy coated electrodes.
As the name suggests, light coated electrodes have been finished with a thin coating which has been applied by techniques such as brushing and spraying. This is usually made up of a combination of several different materials, which are likely to be similar to the metals which you are welding together.
The arc streams created when using bare rods can be difficult to control, so if your job allows it then using a light coated electrode increases the arc stability. This will make your life quicker and easier.
However, that is not the only purpose behind having a light coating on the welding rods. Other benefits of using light coated electrodes are that impurities such as oxides and sulfur are reduced (or eliminated altogether), the drops of metal at the end of the welding rods are more regular in both size and frequency – meaning that your welds are smoother and neater – and they only produce a thin slag.
Shielded arc electrodes are similar to light coated electrodes, except for the fact that they have a heavy coating. Due to their tougher, heavy duty nature, they are better suited to applications such as welding cast iron.
Ref:weldinghelmetpros.com/types-of-welding-rods

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